Особенности подготовки к ГИА - 2020. Раздел "Говорение"

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Онлайн-словари английского языка

Учим языки

МОНОЛИНГВАЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВАРИ:

1. thefreedictionary.com 
2. merriam-webster.com
3. macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british

БИЛИНГВАЛЬНЫЕ СЛОВАРИ:

1. multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=1&SHL=2
2. lingvo.ru

СЛОВАРИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО СЛЕНГА:

1. slangcity.com - American Slang
2. cockneyrhymingslang.co.uk - Словарь Кокни (Лондонский рифмованный сленг)
3. urbandictionary.com – самый знаменитый словарь сленга
4. koalanet.com.au/australian-slang.html - Словарь австралийского сленга
5. chemistry.co.nz/kiwi.htm - Новозеландский сленг
6. odps.org/glossword/index.php?a=index&d=4 - Детский сленг
7. slang.ie - Ирландский сленг
8. riceplate.com/rap/rap.php - Hip-Hop Slang

СЛОВАРИ АНГЛИЙСКИХ ИДИОМ:

1. usingenglish.com/reference/idioms - Онлайн словарь идиом
2. sky-net-eye.com/eng/english/idioms/american - Словарь Американских идиом
3. idiomeanings.com/idioms - Онлайн словарь устойчивых выражений по категориям

СЛОВАРИ ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS:

1. usingenglish.com/reference/phrasal-verbs
2. englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.html

СЛОВАРИ АНГЛИЙСКИХ ПОСЛОВИЦ:

1. quotations.me.uk/famous-proverbs
2. syvum.com/proverbs

ИЛЛЮСТРИРОВАННЫЕ СЛОВАРИ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ:

1. visual.merriam-webster.com – там очень много тем, картинок, можно прослушать произношение слов и прочесть их определения на английском.
2. infovisual.info тоже популярный сайт- словарь на английском по темам с картинкам, но без звука.
3. pdictionary.com – картинки со словами без звука.

Adjectives - Exam Zone

We use adjectives to describe nouns.

Most adjectives can be used in front of a noun:

We saw a very exciting film last night.

or after a link verb like be, look or feel:

That film looks interesting.

When indefinite pronouns — such as something, someone, anybody — are modified by an adjective, the adjective comes after the pronoun:

Anyone capable of doing something horrible to someone nice should be punished.

Forming Adjectives: typical suffixes

-able/-ible – adorable, invisible, responsible, uncomfortable

-al – educational, gradual, illegal, nocturnal, viral

-an – American, Russian, urban

-ar – cellular, popular, spectacular, vulgar

-ent – intelligent, potent, silent, violent

-ful – harmful, powerful, tasteful, thoughtful

-ic/-ical – athletic, energetic, magical, scientific

-ine – bovine, canine, equine, feminine, masculine

-ile – agile, docile, fertile, virile

-ive – informative, native, talkative

-less – careless, endless, homeless, timeless

-ous – cautious, dangerous, enormous, malodorous

-some – awesome, handsome, lonesome, wholesome

Many adjectives end with -y, -ary and -ate, but they may also be the endings of nouns and verbs.

Degrees of Adjectives

The degrees of comparision are known as the positive, the comparative and the superlative.

Adjectives without degrees of comparison:

absolute	impossible	principal
adequate	inevitable	stationary
chief	irrevocable	sufficient
complete	main	unanimous
devoid	manifest	unavoidable
entire	minor	unbroken
fatal	paramount	unique
final	perpetual	universal
ideal	preferable	whole

Collective Adjectives

When the definite article, the, is combined with an adjective describing a class or group of people, the resulting phrase can act as a noun:

 the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, the lonely, the unlettered, the unwashed, the gathered. 

A collective adjective is always plural and requires a plural verb:

• The rural poor have been ignored by the media.
• The elderly are beginning to demand their rights.
• The young at heart are always a joy to be around.

Compound adjectives

A compound adjective is formed when two or more  adjectives are joined together to modify the same noun. These terms should be hyphenated. 

Diana submitted a 6-page document.

She adopted a two-year-old cat.

Adjectivesstarting.com  Lists of adjectives (A-Z), Positive Adjectives, Food Adjectives, Adjectives to Describe a Person, Adjectives for Resumes

Source:Grammar.ccc.commnet.edu

Повторяем времена английского глагола

Anglo-Link



Если что- то оказалось для вас сложным, просмотрите все видео-уроки  по временам на сайте Anglo-Link.

Better Ways to Say "I Don't Know"

Source: Speak Confident English


You should know the answer BUT you don't.

I'm not sure right now but I'll find out and get back to you soon.
I'll look into it and let you know what I find.
That's a really good question. I want to give you the most accurate answer that I can. I'll get back to you by the end of the day.

It's not your area of expertise, BUT someone wants to know what you think.

I'm not sure I'm the best person for you to ask, but here are my thoughts ...
Here's what I know and here's I don't know on this topic ...
Based on my understanding/ on what I understand, here's what I think ...

When it's opportunity to learn.

That's a great question. Let's look into it together.
Let's see if we can figure that out together.

You need more details to give the right answer.

Before I answer that question, could you provide some more details?
Before you answer that, could you clarify what you mean?

Casual situations.

I don't have the foggiest idea.
I don't have the clue. 
Don't ask me.
Who knows?
Your guess is as good as mine.

Dates in British English

Years

При чтении хронологических дат, годы, в отличие от русского, обозначаются количественным чис­лительным.

 При обозначении года числительное разбивается на две части:

1) число сотен, 2) число десятков и единиц.

1945- nineteen (hundred and) forty-five  

Слово "year"после обозначения года, как правило, не употребляется, но может сто­ять до него:

year 1812- year eighteen (hundred and) twelve

in the year of 1917- in the year of nineteen seventeen

Слово hundred обязательно в датах 1600, 1700 ...

1500- fifteen hundred

1900- nineteen hundred

Если последние две цифры 00-09, говорим:

1905- nineteen hundred and five / nineteen oh five, где oh произносится, как английская буква "o".

 С 2000 года по 2009 включительно даты произносятся, как обыкновенные количественные числительные:

 2000- two thousand

 2009- two thousand and nine
После 2010 года возвращаемся к привычному правилу:
 2010- twenty ten
 2013- twenty thirteen

BC = 'Before Christ'- до рождества Христова ( до нашей эры)
AD = 'Anno Domini' (in the year of the Lord)- нашей эры

Когда мы называем конкретную дату, используем предлог in.

Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703.( in seventeen oh three)

Dates

Для обозначения дат употребляются порядковые числительные.

British English

Write: 3 June/ 3rd June/ June3/ June 3rd

Say: 'the third of June'  или 'June the third'.

American English

Write: June 3/ June 3rd

Say: 'June third'

Обычно после дня недели и даты перед годом ста­вится запятая: 

Saturday, 19th May, 2012

Month	Abbreviation	Month	Abbreviation
January	Jan	July	-
February	Feb	August	Aug
March	Mar	September	Sept
April	Apr	October	Oct
May	-	November	Nov
June	-	December	Dec

Day	Abbreviation
Monday	Mon
Tuesday	Tue
Wednesday	Wed
Thursday	Thu
Friday	Fri
Saturday	Sat
Sunday	Sun

Внимание!

Даты можно указывать цифрами, но помните о   различиях в British English и American English.

1/5/2012 (01/05/2012) означает:

British English: 1 May, 2012 (как в России)

American English: 5 January, 2012

Time

Забыли как англичане отвечают на вопрос What's the time?

Зайдите на главную вкладку  Учим с Колибри.

Relative clauses

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.

We will stay at a hotel. The hotel is next to the beach.
We will stay at a hotel which is next to the beach.

Defining Relative Clauses

Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.

This is a book that I bought yesterday. 

(If I don't say 'that I bought yesterday', then we don't know which book I mean).

Non-Defining Relative Clauses 

Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. 

Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.

Saint Petersburg, which has some fantastic museums, is called the cultural capital of Russia.    ('which has some fantastics museums' gives us extra information).

                            why

Relative Pronouns & Adverbs                                                              

Who refers to people, and sometimes to pet animals.

Do you know the man who talked to me?

 We use who to introduce defining and non-defining relative clauses:

Which refers to animals and to things. We use it to introduce defining and non-defining relative clauses. We always use which to introduce relative clauses when they refer to a whole sentence or clause.

He received the letter which he was waiting for.

Whose  indicates possession by people and animals. In more formal styles we can also use it for things.

The woman  whose wallet was broken was sad.

We use whom in formal styles or in writing to refer to people when the person is the object of the verb. It is much more common in writing than in speaking.

He was a brilliant actor whom I had known since his first appearance on the stage.

We use that instead of who, whom or which in relative clauses to refer to people, animals and things. We use it to introduce defining clauses only. 
That is more informal than who, whom or which.

Don’t take money that doesn’t belong to you. 

 when, where, why

In informal language, we often use where, when or why to introduce defining relative clauses instead of at which, on which or for which.

relative adverb	meaning	use	example
when	in/on which	refers to a time expression	the day when we met him
where	in/at which	refers to a place	the place where we met him
why	for which	refers to a reason	the reason why we met him

 More information: Cambridge Dictionary